Why Going Low-Carb is NOT the Best Idea

Have you been told by a medical professional, friends, family member or even a figure on the Internet that you should be following a low-carb diet for Diabetes or weight-loss? This is something I hear from clients quite frequently. With my experience in counseling and also the research, I am here to tell you that it is perfectly okay to eat carbohydrates if you have Diabetes or want to lose weight. Shocking, I know! Below are the top 4 reasons I have for not following a super low-carb diet based on the majority of things I hear from clients. 

1. Low-carb means no fruit!

One of the first things people tend to do when cutting carbs is cutting the fruit out! Fruit is packed fiber, vitamins, minerals and antioxidants; even those “deadly” bananas! I don’t know how many people come to me with Diabetes saying they can’t eat fruit. Let me just say that when I look at the food diaries of these patients, most are not overeating the fruits. Aim for whole fruit over juices and eat the skin if possible since that is where a lot of the nutrients and fiber lay. Just see below at just some of the research touting the benefits of fruits and vegetables! 
 ---->“In Chinese patients with Type 2 diabetes, higher dietary fruit intake was associated with a lower burden of carotid atherosclerosis as reflected by lower carotid intima-media thickness and prevalence of carotid plaque.”1

 ---->“Fruit and vegetable intake may decrease oxidative stress and inflammation in this group of patients. An increased intake of fruit and vegetables can therefore be beneficial for patients with type 2 diabetes, since these patients are documented to have raised oxidative stress and inflammation.”2
 ---->"Plant-based diets, especially when rich in high-quality plant foods, are associated with substantially lower risk of developing T2D."3

2. Food quality is still an issue.

Something else fun that happens when people cut the carbs is that they tend to still eat the same junk-food (chips, breads, etc.), but in smaller amounts. Less carbs does not change food quality. If you just decrease the unhealthy carbs but don’t add the healthier ones, you are still not feeding your body right! Let’s say for example you normally have a sandwich for lunch. You since cut back to ½ a sandwich; however, now you are hungrier. So, you end up doing some more lunchmeat or loading up on extra peanut butter. I’m not saying that it is okay to eat the chips, white breads, cakes, and cookies. What I am saying is that whole grains, beans, quinoa, etc are all great carbohydrates that can be incorporated into a healthy meal plan. The reality is that most people are not consuming enough whole grains (see research article below) and eating whole grains and beans are a great way to help decrease disease risk!
 ----> “Including pulses in the diet is a healthy way to meet dietary recommendations and is associated with reduced risk of several chronic diseases.”4
 ---->“Average intakes of whole grains are far below recommended levels across all age-sex groups, and average intakes of refined grains are well above recommended limits.”5

            

3. Low-carb to carb-binge

A couple things tend to happy with a low-carb diet. The first is that many tend to overload on the protein, which most people are getting enough if not more than enough of their recommended intake. Secondly, most people tend to crave the carbohydrates so much that they binge on them in about a week or two and end up stopping "yet another diet." Hey, I am not saying you won’t lose weight eating low-carb, what I am saying is that this is not typically a sustainable diet. 

4.  Most low-carb diets don’t get enough fiber.

On the same topic as point #4, less carbs usually means less fiber. As I said, most people sub in the protein for less carbs. You know what most people are NOT getting enough of in their diet? Fruits and vegetables! What do fruits and vegetables have in them besides vitamins and minerals…FIBER! One of the most cut-out-veggies is the beans! Did you know that a half-cup of chickpeas has about 5g of fiber and a half-cup of kidney beans has 8g of fiber? Fiber is beneficial because it can help to decrease cholesterol levels, improve GI function, and also decrease your risk for heart disease. See the research below for more reasons to get in the fiber!
 ----> "High fibre may be better than high protein for weight (fat) loss in obesity.”6
 ----> “A high-fibre bean-rich diet was as effective as a low carbohydrate diet for weight loss, although only the bean-rich diet lowered atherogenic lipids.”7 
----> “Increasing fiber intake lowers blood pressure and serum  cholesterol levels. Increased intake of soluble fiber improves glycemia and insulin sensitivity in non-diabetic and diabetic individuals.”8

So, what should you do now? Start by tracking your food intake. Maybe, you are eating too many refined carbohydrates (cookies, white breads, etc). Maybe, you are also eating too much in one sitting (3 cups of pasta). Maybe, your meals are unbalance (heavy in carbs or protein). Start by checking out your food log and seeing where you can incorporate a better meal balance. 

Aim for meals to have lean proteins, fiber-filled carbohydrates (whole grains) or starches, and some non-starchy veggies. An example of a balanced meal could be: tofu (protein), broccoli (non-starchy veg), and a red potato (starchy carb). Another example could be fish, sautéed spinach, and brown rice. Another example could be quinoa (protein + starchy carb), mushrooms and tomatoes (both non-starchy). A snack could be an apple and peanut butter or veggies and hummus. The options are endless! 

Bottom line here, instead of eliminating a food group and possibly making yourself miserable aim for meal balance and portion control. If all else fails, find a Dietitian to help you with meal planning since we are the experts when it comes to nutrition :)

Additional Links

Tips for cooking legumes 

Benefits of a high fiber diet

Resources

1. Chan H, Yiu K, Wong C, Li S, Tam S, Tse H. Increased dietary fruit intake was associated with lower burden of carotid atherosclerosis in Chinese patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetic Medicine [serial online]. January 2013;30(1):100-108. Available from: Academic Search Premier, Ipswich, MA. Accessed June 29, 2016.

2. Åsgård R, Rytter E, Basu S, Abramsson-Zetterberg L, Möller L, Vessby B. High intake of fruit and vegetables is related to low oxidative stress and inflammation in a group of patients with type 2 diabetes. Scandinavian Journal Of Food & Nutrition [serial online]. December 2007;51(4):149-158. Available from: Academic Search Premier, Ipswich, MA. Accessed June 29, 2016.

3. Satija A, Bhupathiraju S, Hu F, et al. Plant-Based Dietary Patterns and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes in US Men and Women: Results from Three Prospective Cohort Studies. Plos Medicine [serial online]. June 14, 2016;13(6):1-18. Available from: Academic Search Premier, Ipswich, MA. Accessed June 29, 2016.

4. Mudryj A, Yu N, Aukema H. Nutritional and health benefits of pulses. Applied Physiology, Nutrition & Metabolism [serial online]. November 2014;39(11):1197-1204. Available from: Academic Search Premier, Ipswich, MA. Accessed June 29, 2016.

5. Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2015

6. Adam C, Gratz S, Ross A, et al. Effects of Dietary Fibre (Pectin) and/or Increased Protein (Casein or Pea) on Satiety, Body Weight, Adiposity and Caecal Fermentation in High Fat Diet-Induced Obese Rats. Plos ONE [serial online]. May 25, 2016;11(5):1-16. Available from: Academic Search Premier, Ipswich, MA. Accessed June 29, 2016.

7. Tonstad S, Malik N, Haddad E. A high-fibre bean-rich diet versus a low-carbohydrate diet for obesity. Journal Of Human Nutrition & Dietetics [serial online]. April 2, 2014;:109-116. Available from: Academic Search Premier, Ipswich, MA. Accessed June 29, 2016.

8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19335713

Why Calories Don't Really Matter

One of the first things I hear when someone is trying to lose weight is that they need to start counting or watching their calories. It goes back to the the old saying of "calories in, calories out." If you eat less, and exercise more you'll lose weight guaranteed. Makes sense right? Well, not so much.

A calorie is a measure of energy and everything you eat has calories in it. We need those calories to survive. Most Americans are consuming way too many calories and they are mainly the heavily processed, refined types. I see so many food diaries that have a ton of sugar, salt, and unhealthy fats in them. Let's face it, you can be eating a restricted diet of only 1,100 calories and still end up with Diabetes and Hypertension. Why is this? Because all calories are not created equal! It really boils down to the food quality. Let's say you have 100 calorie pack of baked chips and 100 calorie pack of roasted almonds. You would probably say that the almonds are better for you (and your right); however, would your answer change if I gave you a 150 calorie serving of almonds? Maybe. The reality is, your body processes these foods differently. Fat and protein are slower digesting, which means you stay fuller for longer (and more satisfied). Refined carbohydrates (like in the chips) have little to no fiber, minimal nutrients and basically just spike and drop your blood sugar levels leaving you hungry an hour (or less).

I often think of calorie counting as restriction, free-range to eat the overly processed food-like-products, and a band aid on the true issues. Let's explore those points. I have a lot of people tracking their intake for appointments**. One big thing I see with clients is that they get to the end of the day, have "no calories left" and end up going to bed hungry without eating dinner. Skipping meals and eating super low calorie won't help with continued weight loss. You are just slowing down your metabolism to compensate for the minimal calories, burning calories less efficiently, and probably making yourself miserable.

On to the overly processed food-like-products. Again, we are talking about food quality. Ever think or hear something like this before, "I have 100 calories left for the day. A piece of chocolate is only 40 calories. I can eat that instead of a medium apple, which has 120 calories and save myself 80 calories, while sticking with my recommended intake." Better yet, "I can eat a to go breakfast sandwich, a bagel with cream cheese and a frozen dinner meal AND stay within my calories." No. NO. NO!

Lastly, most clients I see are overeating from stress, boredom, or heightened emotions. Just counting calories and sticking to a magic number isn't going to fix these issues. Eventually, you may end up stopping the calorie counting and returning to your old habits. You have to focus on changing these behaviors first before any healthy eating plan can stick.

While you do want to watch how much food you are eating, think of calories as more of a reference than the end-all-be-all. So, ditch the calorie counters and go for the whole foods approach. Focus more on adding quality foods like fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains. Skip the processed junk and your body will be sure to thank you later!

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**Food journaling and tracking your intake can be a great tool for identifying areas of missing nutrients, meal skipping, and overall food quality. I don't want this to be mistaken for the ridge calorie counts. 

5 Tips for a Healthier Holiday Season (Halloween Edition)

We are coming up on that time of year full of holiday fun and FOOD!  It is totally fine to indulge a little throughout the holidays (I mean what fun would it be if you didn't); but you don't need to go all willy nilly and toss aside all your healthy habits until January. We are coming up on Halloween, so here are 5 tips for keeping your Halloween a tad-bit healthier!

Tip #1: Don't Buy It!
Can't keep Halloween candy in the house without breaking into the bag? Don't buy it until it is very close to the 31st. Also, try buying candies/treats that you don't like. I mean if you buy some candy corn and hate it; chances are your not going to be found snacking on it. If you do buy candy you like, get the miniature sized ones.

Tip #2: Hide It!
If you come home hungry and the first thing you see is that bowl of Halloween candy, do you really think you can bypass that for veggies. I think not. Don't even tempt yourself. Put extra candy away in cabinets, behind other food items. Give yourself a barrier!

Tip #3: Don't Leave on an Empty Stomach!
Whether you are going to a Halloween party or out trick-or-treating with the kids, eat something before hand! If you go out on an empty stomach, your making it that much harder to choose healthy options. Have some veggies and hummus, apple and peanut butter, or a Greek yogurt with chopped nuts. Basically, you are trying to balance what you eat with a little protein, carbohydrates (fiber), and a vegetable.

Tip #4: Drink Water!
Apple cider, mixed drinks, pumpkin beers, etc. All of these holiday drinks tend to be loaded with empty calories and tons of sugar.  Swap in 1 glass of water between drinks. Or try an unsweetened mixer instead of a sweetened one. Go for a lighter cider. Ha that rhymed :) Now, I'm not saying that you can't have them, but be sensible about it.

Tip #5: Keep Moving!
Did you have a large dinner? Did you overindulge in Halloween candy? Drink too much at a party? Instead of sitting around thinking about it, do something about it. Get out there and move. You can take a walk, go to the gym, do a workout video, etc. Not only will you be burning calories and getting your metabolism going, but also improving your mood and energy level.

Hope you found a tip in here that will help you as the holiday season gets rolling!

Get Your 21-Day Fix Here!

I am sure many of you reading this blog have heard of some sort of quick-fix weight-loss plan through the TV, magazines, or friends. I'm sure you are also tired of hearing friends or family talk about going on their 21-day "insert diet gimmick here." Not only do they flaunt their crash-diet techniques like they are the end-all to weight-loss efforts, but also brag to their friends/family about how much weight they are losing as compared to those following their healthy lifestyle.

So, what is so bad about these products? I mean, I am sure you have heard about some of your friends/family losing weight with them. For starters, they are expensive! One 30-day supply from Beach Body costs $39.95 (not counting shipping and handling) and it is only for breakfast and/or lunch.  That means dinner is on your own! Another famous company is Shakeology. For their chocolate 30-servings package, they charge $129.95! That comes out to be $4.33 per serving.

To put these prices in perspective, lets just say you do one shake per day from Beach Body. Not counting the extra money for S&H and the milk you add to it, you are spending $1.33 per shake. That doesn't sound too expensive right? Lets say instead of your shake, you made breakfast: 2 eggs ($2.79/18count), 1 banana ($.30/each), coffee ($.29/oz), and 1/2c broccoli ($1.25/12oz) in your eggs. This comes out to be about $1.17 for the meal.  About $3 cheaper than Shakeology!  I don't know about you, but eating the meal sounds a whole lot more appetizing than the shake.

One thing I find funny, is most of these products still say to drink water, get enough sleep, and exercise. My thoughts are, why not do all of those things, eat a healthy balanced diet and save yourself the money on these products!

Besides seeing how expensive these products are, lets get into the nutrition. Herbalife has a "healthy meal shake" (with no price tag on it) that contains 90 calories, 1g fat, 13g carbs, 9g sugar, and 9g protein. Woah, low-calorie! It must be healthy! NOT! For starters, protein and fat are the macronutrients that are going to keep you fuller for longer. My egg breakfast will give me about 15g of protein and 12g of fat (more on fat later and how it is an important part of your diet!). Also, the sugar I will have in my breakfast will come from a natural source (fruit). If you are looking for an energy-boost for the morning, 90 calories won't get you very far.

Skimming the rest of the package for Herbalife's product, there are some vitamins and minerals (about 25% of daily value); however, you can get what you need just from eating fruits and veggies throughout the day. 1 orange will give you 100% of the daily value for Vitamin C! Lastly, the ingredient list is a mile-long and most of them you can't pronounce, another red flag on the play.

Another Shakeology product featured on Beach Body has a bit more protein and calories; however, again, another mile-long ingredient list. Don't let the 300% of daily value for Vitamin C awe you. Vitamin C is water-soluble, which means whatever your body doesn't need, it will pee out. Also, the high amounts of vitamins and minerals you can get from your fruits and vegetables. Just 1/2c of carrots contains about 200% of your daily value for Vitamin A. Again, cheaper and more appealing to me for a meal/snack.

Not of of these products on the market are necessarily bad for you. They are pretty useful for those on-the-go, that can't make the time to prepare a breakfast meal or pack the night before. They are also pretty useful in a pinch. The pure proteins (whey protein types) are also great for a quick shake or for an added protein boost in snacks or baked goods. I like putting whey protein powder in my fruit smoothies; however, I buy mine from local grocery stores, where it is cheaper. The cans usually last me a while because I don't rely on it for all of my meals and snacks.

 My advice is to see these products as just that, supplements to your diet. They shouldn't be the end-all-be-all and they are certainly no match for real food like fruits and vegetables. If you go the route of these products, look for ones with low amounts of sugar, 5g or more of fiber and at least 10g of protein (if it is replacing a meal). Also, try and find a short ingredient list and at least 25% of your daily value for vitamins and minerals.

Instead of focusing on a quick weight-loss fix that is hard to maintain long-term, focus on healthy habits for the long-term. If you have a family, instead of taking the easy way with shakes and smoothies, choose real food and instill those healthy habits on your children.  Take the time to analyze what you are eating. Where do most of your calories come from? Carbohydrates/sugar? Healthy or unhealthy fats? Protein? Write down what you eat and be honest with yourself. Take small steps to change your eating behaviors (like replacing 1 snack of chips with veggies and dip or peanut butter and celery). Your body and wallet will thank you later :)